उत्तर प्रदेश उच्चतर शिक्षा आयोग भूगोल विषय (विषय कोड 36) पाठ्यक्रम

 

mÙkj izns”k mPprj f’k{kk vk;ksx] bykgkckn

                                           ikB~;dze

Hkwxksy fo’k; esa inksa dk fooj.k

ijh{kk iz.kkyh&

p;u dk vk/kkj fyf[kr ijh{kk rFkk lk{kkRdkj gSA fyf[kr ijh{kk esa mÙkh.kZ vH;fFkZ;ks a dks lk{kkRdkj ds fy, vkeaf=r fd;k tk,xkA fyf[kr ijh{kk gsrq ,d oLrqfu"B iz'ui= ¼lkekU; Kku ,oa lEcfU/kr oSdfYid fo"k;½ gksxkA fyf[kr ijh{kk ds fy, fu/kkZfjr vad 200 ¼lkekU; Kku ds 60 $ oSdfYid ds 140½ ,oa lk{kkRdkj ds 30 vad gksaxsA lHkh fo"k;ks a esa lkekU; Kku ds 30 iz'u ,oa oSdfYid fo"k; ds 70 iz'u gksxsaA izR;sd iz'u&2 vadksa dk gksxkA nksuks a esa ¼200$30¾ 230½ izkIr vadks a ds vk/kkj ij ;ksX;rk Øekuqlkj p;u lwph fuxZr dh tk;sxhA iz'ui= es a dksbZ Hkh _.kkRed ekfdZax ugha gksxhA

lkekU;Kku

                ¼lHkh fo’k; ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy;s vfuok;Z½

bdkbZ&1] lelkef;d eqn~ns&

1- jk’Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; izeq[k ?kVuk,a o eqn~ns]

2- izeq[k O;fDrRo]

3- [ksy lekpkj]

4- foKku ds {ks= esa uohure “kks/kA

Unit-1 : Current Affairs-

A. Major events & Current Affairs : National/International,

B. Personalities in News,

C. Sports News,

D. Current Research in the field of Science.

bdkbZ&2] f’k{k.k ,oa ’kks/k vfHko`fÙk&

1- f”k{k.k % izd`fr] mn~ns”;] vko”;drk,a] fof/k;ka] ewY;kadu rFkk f”k{k.k dks izHkkfor djus okys dkjd]

2- “kks/k % rkRi;Z ,oa iz.kkyh]

3- vkdM+k % lzksr] ladyu ,oa fo”ys’k.k]

4- Hkkjrh; mPp f”k{kk ds xq.kkRed fodkl esa ;w0th0lh0 dh HkwfedkA

Unit-2 : Teaching and Research Aptitude-

A. Teaching : Nature, Objectives, Need, Methods Evaluation and Factor Affecting Teaching,

B. Research : Meaning and Methods,

C. Data : Source, Collection and Analysis,

D. Role of UGC in Qualitative Development in Higher Education.

bdkbZ&3] lwpuk ,oa lapkj izkS|ksfxdh ¼ICT)&

1- lwpuk ,oa lapkj izkS|ksfxdh % rkRi;Z] ykHk ,oa nq’ifj.kke]

2- bUVjusV ,oa bZ&esy dk vk/kkjHkwr Kku]

3- lwpuk ,oa lapkj lEcU/kh “kCn la{ksi.k ,oa “kCnkoyhA

Unit-3 : Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-

A. ICT : Meaning, Advantages and Disadvantages,

B. Basics of Internet & E-mailing,

C. General Abbreviation and Terminology.

bdkbZ&4] ekuo ,oa i;kZoj.k&

1- ekuo ,oa i;kZoj.k dk vUr%lEcU/k]

2- i;kZoj.kh; {kj.k % dkj.k ,oa fuokj.k]

3- i;kZoj.k laj{k.k gsrq jk’Vªh; ,oa vUrjkZ’Vªh; iz;klA

Unit-4 : People and Environment :

A. People & Environment Interaction,

B. Environmental Depredation : Cause & Solution,

C. National and International affairs for better Environment

D. Environmental Control.

bdkbZ&5] Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa Hkwxksy&

1- Hkkjrh; laLd`fr dh izeq[k fo”ks’krk,a]

2- Hkkjrh; jk’Vªh; vkUnksyu ¼1857&1950a½]

3- czºek.M dh mRifÙk ,oa lkSj eaMy]

4- Hkkjr dk lkekU; HkwxksyA

 

Unit-5 : Indian History and Geography :

A. Salient Features of Indian Culture,

B. Indian National Movement (1857-1950),

C. Origin of Universe and Solar System,

D. Indian Geography (General).

bdkbZ&6] Hkkjrh; lafo/kku ,oa vFkZO;oLFkk&

1- izLrkouk] ewy vf/kdkj ,oa uhfr funs”kd fl)kUr]

2- Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk % fo/kkf;dk] dk;Zikfydk ,oa U;k;ikfydk]

3- fuokZpu vk;ksx ,oa yksd lsok vk;ksx]

4- tula[;k] xjhch o csjkstxkjh( ;kstuk ,oa fodkl( vk;dj]

5- d`f’k] m|ksx o O;kikj( /ku] eqnzk] cSad ,oa iwath cktkjA

Unit-6 : Indian Constitution and Economy :

A. Preamble, Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles,

B. Indian political system : Legislative Executive and Judiciary,

C. Election Commission and Public Service Commission,

D. Population, Poverty, Unemployment; Planning and Development; Income Tax,

E. Agriculture, Industry, Trade; Money, Currency, Banking and Capital Market.

uksV& izR;sd bdkbZ ls 4 iz”u iwaNuk vfuok;Z gksxkA

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

mÙkj izns’k mPprj f’k{kk vk;ksx] bykgkckn

oSdfYid fo’k; Hkwxksy & ikB~;dze ¼fo’k; dksM & 36½

bdkbZ&1] Hkwvkd`frfoKku % vk/kkjHkwr ladYiuk,a( vartkZr vkSj cfgtkZr cy( vukPNknu vkSj vi{k;( HkwlUufr;ka] Hkw&larqyu] egk}hih; izokg vkSj IysV foorZfudh fl)kar( ioZr fuekZ.k] Hkw&vkd`frd pdz dh ladYiuk,a( unh] fgekuh] “kq’d] rVh; vkSj dkLVZ pdz ls lacaf/kr LFkykd`fr;ka] vk/kqfud Hkw&vkd`frfoKkuh] O;kogkfjd vkd`frfoKkuA

Unit-1, Geomorphology : Fundamental concepts; Endogenetic and Exogenetic forces; Denudation and weathering; Geosynclines, Isostasy, Continental Drift and Plate Tectonics Theories; Mountain Building, Concept of geomorphic cycle; Landforms associated with fluvial, glacial, arid, coastal and karst cycles, Modern Geomorphologists, Applied Geomorphology.

bdkbZ&2] tyok;qfoKku % ok;qeaMy dk la?kVu vkSj lajpuk( i`Foh dk rki ctV] rkieku dk {kSfrt vkSj Å/okZ/kj forj.k( ok;qeaMyh; ncko vkSj ok;q dk lkekU; lapj.k( ekulwu] tsV LVªhe vkSj LFkkuh; iousa( m’.k vkSj “khrks’.k dfVca/kh; pdzokr( tyok;q dk oxhZdj.k( dksisu vkSj FkkuZFosV dk oxhZdj.k vkSj fo”o ds HkkSxksfyd izns”kksa dh fo”ks’krk,aA

Unit-2, Climatology : Composition and structure of the atmosphere; Heat budget of the earth, Horizontal and Vertical Distribution of Temperature; Atmospheric pressure and general circulation of winds; Monsoon, jet stream and local winds; Tropical and temperate cyclones; Classification of world climates; Koppen’s and Thornthwaite’s schemes and features of World Climatic Regions.

bdkbZ&3]

d& leqnzfoKku % egklkxjh; fury dh cukoV] egklkxjh; fu{ksi( izoky( egklkxjh; rkieku vkSj yo.krk( leqnzh ty dk ?kuRo( Tokj&HkkVk vkSj leqnzh /kkjk,aA

Unit-3,

A- Oceanography : Ocean Bottom Topography, Ocean deposits; Coral reefs; Temperature and salinity of the oceans; Density of sea water; Tides and ocean currents.

[k& tSo vkSj i;kZoj.kh; Hkwxksy % ikS/kksa vkSj tarqvksa dk fo”oforj.k( ikfjfLFkfrd ra= dk Lo:i vkSj dk;Z] laj{k.k vkSj izca/ku( ikfjfLFkfrdh ds fl)kar( ekuo&ikfjfLFkfrdh vuqdwyu( ikfjfLFkfrdh vkSj i;kZoj.k ij euq’; dk izHkko( oSf”od vkSj izknsf”kd ikfjfLFkfrd ifjorZu vkSj vlarqyu( i;kZoj.kh; vou;u] iznw’k.k] vkstksu {kj.k vkSj tyok;q dh vkinkdkjh pqukSrh vkSj muds mipkjkRed mik;] izca/ku ,oa laj{k.k( tSofofo/krk vkSj lrr fodkl( i;kZoj.kh; uhfr;ka( i;kZoj.kh; f”k{kk vkSj fo/kkuA

B- Bio and Environmental Geography : World distribution of plants and animals; Forms and functions, Conservation and management of ecosystems;. Principle of ecology; Human ecological adaptations; Influence of man on ecology and environment; Global and regional ecological changes and imbalances; Environmental degradation, hazards Problems of pollution, ozone depletion and climate change, and their remedial measures, management and conservation; Biodiversity and sustainable development; Environmental policies; Environmental education and legislation.

bdkbZ&4] HkkSxksfyd fparu % izkphu vkSj e/;dkyhu Hkkjr rFkk fo”o esa HkkSxksfyd Kku dk lkekU; pfj=( osnksa] egkdkO;ksa] iqjk.kksa vkSj Le`fr;ksa esa HkkSxksfyd Kku( vk/kqfud Hkwxksy ds laLFkkid vkSj fofHkUu v/;srkvksa dk ;ksxnku( }Sr vkSj }Srokn( fu”p;okn] laHkookn( ekuo vkSj i;kZoj.k] {ks=h; foHksnu vkSj LFkkfud laxBu] ek=kRed dzkafr( LFkkfud fo”ys’k.k( vkewy ifjorZu ¼mxzokn½] O;kogkfjd] ekuo vkSj dY;k.kijd mikxeA

Unit-4, Geographic Thought : General character of Geographic knowledge in India and world during the ancient and medieval period; Geographical Knowledge in Vedas, Epic Periods, Puranas and Samritis. Foundations of Modern Geography and contributions of different scholars; Dichotomy and dualism; Determinism, possibilism; Man and Environment, Areal differentiation and spatial organization, Quantitative revolution. Locational analysis; radical, behavioural, human and welfare approaches.

bdkbZ&5]

d& tula[;k Hkwxksy % fo”o tula[;k forj.k ds dkjd vkSj izfr:i( tula[;k o`f) vkSj ?kuRo( izokl ds izfr:i vkSj izfdz;k( tula[;k ladze.k] tula[;k & lalk/ku izns”kA

A-  Population Geography : Factors and Patterns of world population distribution; Growth and density of population; Patterns and processes of migration; Demographic transition, Population – resources region.

[k& vf/kokl Hkwxksy % xzkeh.k vkSj uxjh; vf/kokl ds LFky] vofLFkfr] izdkj] vkdkj] varj vkSj vkarfjd vkd`frdh( uxjhdj.k dh izfdz;k vkSj izfr:i( uxj izns”k( izkbesV flVh( dksfV & vkdkj fu;e( vf/kokl vuqdze( fdzLVkyj dk dsanzLFky fl)kar( vkxLV ykW”k dk cktkj dsanz fl)kar( LekVZ flVh dh vo/kkj.kk vkSj uxjh; dsanzksa dk fodklA

B- Settlement Geography : Site, situation, types, size, spacing and internal morphology of rural and urban settlements; Process and pattern of urbanization; City–region; Primate city; Rank – size rule; Settlement hierarchy; Christaller’s Central Place theory; August Losch’s theory of market Centres; Concept of Smart City and Development of Urban Centres.

bdkbZ&6] vkfFkZd Hkwxksy % vFkZO;oLFkk ds {ks=d % izkFkfed] f}rh;d] r`rh;d vkSj prqFkZd( izkd`frd lalk/ku % uohdj.kh; vkSj vuohdj.kh;] lalk/kuksa dk laj{k.k( d`f’k mRikndrk vkSj n{krk dk ekiu] d`f’k dzkafr] d`f’k ds izdkj vkSj mudk oxhZdj.k( “kL; & la;kstu vkSj fofo/khdj.k( df’k LFkkuh;dj.k ds fl)kar % okWu F;wusu dk ekWMy( fo”o dk d`f’k iz.kkyh vkSj d`f’k izns”k( m|ksxksa dk oxhZdj.k % cscj vkSj ykW”k mikxe( lalk/ku vk/kkfjr vkSj LoPNan m|ksx( ifjogu ekWMy vkSj ifjogu ykxr % vfHkxE;rk vkSj la;kstdrkA

Unit-6, Economic Geography : Sectors of Economy : primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary; Natural resources: renewable and non-renewable, conservation of resources. Measurement of agricultural productivity and efficiency, agricultural revolution, agricultural types and typology; Crop combination and diversification; Theories of Agricultural Location; Von Thunen’s Model. Agricultural systems and regions of the world. Classification of industries: Weber’s and Losch’s approaches; Resource based and footloose industries. Models of transportation and transport cost : Accessibility and connectivity.

bdkbZ&7]

d& jktuhfrd Hkwxksy % ân; LFky vkSj fjeyS.M fl)kar( lhek vkSj lhekar( iz”kklfud {ks= dh izd`fr vkSj ukxfjd uhfr;ksa rFkk foÙk dk HkwxksyA

A- Political Geography : Heartland and Rimland theories; Boundaries and frontiers; Nature of administrative areas and Geography of public policy and finance.

[k& lkekftd Hkwxksy % u`tkrh;rk( tutkfr;ka( cksyh( Hkk’kk( tkfr vkSj /keZ( lkekftd dY;k.k dh vo/kkj.kk( lkekftd lewg vkSj laxBuA

B- Social Geography : Ethnicity; tribe; dialect; language, caste and religion; Concept of social well being. Social Groups and Organisation.

x& jktuhfrd Hkwxksy % fo”o ds ifjeaMy] {ks= vkSj lkaLd`frd izns”k( ekuo iztkfr( vkokL;( tutkrh; lewgksa dh vFkZO;oLFkk vkSj lekt( lkaLd`frd uokpkjksa dk izlj.k( ekuo fodkl vkSj mlds lwpd( oS”ohdj.k dk Hkkjrh; lekt vkSj laLd`fr ij izHkkoA

C- Cultural Geography : Culture – Realms, Areas and Cultural Regions of the World; Human races; Habitat; Economy and Society of tribal groups; Diffusion of Cultural innovations; Human Development and their Index; Impact of Globalization on Indian Society and Culture.

bdkbZ&8] iznsf’kd fu;kstu % Hkwxksy esa izns”k ¼{ks=½ dh ladYiuk( fu;kstu {ks= dh ladYiuk( izns”k ds izdkj( izkns”khdj.k dh fof/k;ka( Hkkjr esa izknsf”kd fu;kstu( fodkl ds lwpd( {ks=h; vlarqyu( uxj fu;kstu dk mn~Hko] izd`fr vkSj fo’k;{ks=& Hkkjr ds fo”ks’k lanHkZ esa] uxj vkSj ns”k ds fu;kstu ds vk/kkjHkwr <kapsA

Unit-8, Regional Planning : Regional concept in Geography; Concept of planning regions; Types of regions; Methods of regional delineation; Regional planning in India; Indicators of development; Regional imbalances; Evolution, nature and scope of town planning with special reference to India, and Fundamentals of Town and Country planning.

bdkbZ&9] Hkkjr dk Hkwxksy % izkd`frd Hkwxksy vkSj izkd`frd foHkktu( tyok;q % bldk {ks=h; oSfo/;( Hkkrh; ekulwu dh fdz;kfof/k vkSj o’kkZ izfr:i( Å’.kdfVca/kh; pdzokr vkSj iNqvk fo{kksHk( ck<+ vkSj lw[kk( ouLifr izdkj vkSj ouLifr izns”k] ou vkSj oU; tho lalk/ku] fuoZuhdj.k vkSj mldk laj{k.k] e`nk ds eq[; izdkj] flapkbZ vkSj cgqmÌs”kh; ifj;kstuk,a( d`f’k vkSj mldk izkns”khdj.k( d`f’k & tyok;q izns”k( d`f’k & ikfjfLFkfrd izns”k( tula[;k forj.k vkSj o`f)] tukafddh; fo”ks’krk,a % fyaxkuqikr] vk;q lajpuk] lk{kjrk nj] dk;Zcy] uxjhdj.k( Hkkjrh; lekt % tkrh;] Hkk’kkf;d vkSj u`tkfr oSfo/;( /kkfeZd vYila[;d( izeq[k tutkfr;ka] tutkrh; {ks= vkSj mldh leL;k,a( Hkwfe] lrgh vkSj Hkwfexr ty] ÅtkZ] [kfut] tSfod vkSj leqnzh lalk/ku vkSj mudk laj{k.k] ÅtkZ ladV( izeq[k m|ksx vksj vkS|ksfxd izns”k] uohu vkS|ksfxd uhfr;ka( fo”ks’k vkfFkZd {ks=( bdks i;ZVu lfgr i;ZVu( ;krk;kr vkSj lapkj( jk’Vªh; vkSj fons”kh O;kikj( O;kikj larqyu( O;kikj uhfr( fu;kZr izlaLdj.k +{ks=( iapo’khZ; ;kstuk,a( ,dhd `r xzkeh.k fodkl dk;Zdze( iapk;rhjkt vkSj  fodsanzhd`r fu;kstuA

Unit-9, Geography of India : Physiography and Physiographic divisions; Climate : Its regional variations; Mechanism of Indian monsoons and rainfall patterns, Tropical cyclones and western disturbances; Floods and droughts; Vegetation types and vegetation regions, Forest and wild life resources, deforestation and their conservation, Major soil types; Irrigation and multipurpose projects. Agriculture and its regionalisation; agro-climatic zones; agroecological regions.; Population distribution and growth, Demographic attributes: sex-ratio, age structure, literacy rate, work-force Urbanization; Indian Society- Racial, linguistic and ethnic diversities; religious minorities; major tribes, tribal areas and their problems; Land, surface and ground water, energy, minerals, biotic and marine resources and their conservation, Energy crisis; major industries and industrial regions, New industrial policies; Special Economic Zones; Tourism including eco -tourism. Transport and Communication; national and foreign trade; Trade balance; Trade Policy; Export processing zones; Five Year Plans; Integrated rural development programmes; Panchayati Raj and decentralised planning.

bdkbZ&10]

d& ekufp.k % ekufp= ds izdkj % LFkkfud izfr:iksa ds forj.k ds v/;;u ds fy;s rduhdsa] o.kZek=h] leeku js[kk vkSj jaxo.khZ ekufp= vkSj o`Ùkkjs[k( LFkku fo”ks’k ds vkdM+ksa dk ekufp=.k( vfHkxE;rk vkSj izokg ekufp=( LFkkykd`frd ekufp= & izdkj vkSj fo”ks’krk,a( ekufp= iz{ksi  & js[kktky izdkj] fuekZ.k vkSj ekufp= iz{ksi dh eq[; fo”ks’krk,aA

Unit-10,

A- Cartography : Types of maps : Techniques for the study of spatial patterns of distribution; Choropleth; Isopleth and Chorochromatic maps and pie diagrams; Mapping of location – specific data; Accessibility and flow maps. Topographical Maps-types and features; Map Projection- graticules, types, construction and salient features of map projections,

[k& lkaf[;dh fof/k;ka % vkdM+ksa ds lzksr vkSj izdkj( ckjackjrk caVu vkSj lap;h ckjackjrk( dsanzh; izo`fÙk dh eki( ekufp=.k ds fy;s oxZvarjky dk p;u( vifdj.k vkSj ladsnz.k dk ekiu( ekud fopyu( ykWjsat odz( fofHkUu pjksa ds e/; lglaca/k ds ekiu dh fof/k;ka( ljy vkSj cgqylglaca/k( izrhixeu( fudVre iM+kslh fo”ys’k.k( ekiu dh rduhdsa( jSad Ldksj] Hkkfjr Ldksj] izfrn”kZA

B- Statistical Methods : Data sources and types of data; Frequency distribution and cumulative frequency ; Measures of central, tendency; Selection of class intervals for mapping; Measures of dispersion and concentration; Standard deviation; Lorenz Curve; Methods of measuring association among different attributes; Simple and Multiple correlation; Regression. Nearest– neighbour analysis; Scaling techniques; Rank score; Weighted score; Sampling.

x& nwj laosnu vkSj HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra= % bldk fl)kar] fodkl vkSj mi;ksx( Hkkjr esa nwj laosnu dk fodkl( Hkkjrh; mixxzgksa dh fo”ks’krk,a( ekufp=.k esa dEI;wVj dk mi;ksx( fMftVy ekufp=.k( HkkSxksfyd lwpuk ra=A

C- Remote sensing and GIS- Its principles, development and application; Development of Remote Sensing of India; Features of Indian Satellite; Computer application in mapping; Digital mapping; Geographic Information System (GIS).